VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences
Aims, Objectives, and Scope The VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the VFAST-Research Platform. It was established in 2013 and covers the areas of Education or Social Sciences. The aim of this journal is to provide an international platform for academicians and social science researchers all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and development in the field of Education and social sciences. The journal publishes original papers including but not limited to the following fields: Inclusive Education, Early Childhood Education, ICT in Education, Economics of Education, Education Leadership and Management, Sociology of Education, Curriculum Development, Pedagogy, Linguistics, and other Social Science related areas. ISSN: 2309-3951 (Online), 2411-0221 (Print) Editor in Chief: Dr. Faisal Nawaz, COMSATS University Islamabad (Attock campus) <span class="csspropertycolor" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, 'courier new', monospace; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Important Links REGISTER SUBMISSION JOURNAL TEMPLATE EDITORIAL BOARD Indexing of the Journal HEC-Y Category Google Scholar Repindex Index Copernicus Research Gate Publons Academic Naver Science Gate J-Gate S#8145 Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory/ProQuest <a href="http://sfx.princeton.edu:9003/sfx_pul/az?param_letter_group_save=&param_chinese_checkbox_type_save=Pinyin&param_current_view_save=table&param_langcode_save=en&param_pattern_save=VAWKUM+Transaction+on+Computer+Sciences&param_services2filter_save=getFullTxt&param_jumpToPage_save=&param_chinese_checkbox_save=0&param_starts_with_browse_save=0&param_sid_save=b2d32284a5f202b8c792b440b6535c2f&param_type_save=textSearch&param_lang_save=eng&param_textSearchType_save=startsWith&param_perform_save=searchTitle&param_letter_group_script_save=&param_type_value=textSearch&param_jumpToPage_value=&param_pattern_value=vfast&param_textSearchType_value=startsWith&param_starts_with_browse_value=0&not_first_load_indicator=1&param_ui_control_scripts_value=&param_chinese_checkbox_value=0">Princeton University Library University of Illinois Library World of Periodicals British Library WorldWideScience.org BASE: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine Researchbib <span class="csspropertycolor" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, 'courier new', monospace; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
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Exploring Syed Sher Ali Bacha's Impact on Politics and Progressive Literature as Marxist Leader, Writer, and Poet in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Syed Sher Ali Bacha (1935-98) is one of the Pakhtun Marxist politicians who played a leading role in the leftist politics in the then NWFP (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). He is known for his scholastic approach toward solution of Pakhtun problems because he drew insights from the Marxist philosophy of dialectical and historical materialism while approaching social, economic, and political issues of Pakhtun. He had resurrected the tradition of study circles in Pakhtun society. He was also the founding member and first General Secretary of two leftist political parties; Mazdoor Kisan Party (MKP) and Pakhtunkhwa Mili Awami Party (PMAP). Thus, his entire political career spanning over a four-decades, was devoted to left wing politics and peasant movements in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, which is explicit in his long struggle in leftist political parties like, National Awami Party (NAP), MKP, and in later part in PMAP. This research paper focuses on his writings on class difference and social inequality, as well as on his vision of creating unity among Pakhtun belt. The Communist Party of India (CPI), which was the first leftist political party of undivided India and was established in Soviet Tashkent in 1920s by émigré revolutionaries, had also notable figure like Muhammad Shafiq (Secretary of CPI), and other émigré Muhajirin from the then NWFP.
Relationship between Parental Supervision and Juvenile Delinquency: A Qualitative Study of South Punjab Pakistan
Children became delinquent when they commit any prohibited action, they are considered juveniles because of the age factor. The most important purpose of the study was to investigate juvenile delinquency and parental supervision. The second goal of the study was to explore the relationship between socioeconomic uncertainty and juvenile delinquency. The last target of this research was to examine the psychological impact on juveniles. The qualitative approach was adopted to precede this research. Convenience sampling was used and data was collected through an interview guide. For the interview guide, some close-ended and some open-ended questions were formulated. Every jailed person was not targeted but only those children were included who were under the age of 18 years. The case study was used in this qualitative research and the total sample size was 20 respondents’ juveniles from Muzaffarghar and Layyah jails. The most important and relevant results in this research were lack of parental supervision, socialization, psychological impacts, educational background, societal framework and peer groups which was considered the most important factor because children learn different kind of acts from their age fellows. Economic condition was also a major factor for juveniles to commit delinquent behavior. Poverty was the leading factor that was also investigated in this research. The research identified that family institution was a significant structure to control delinquent behavior and play a key role in the socialization of the children because the parent can guide their children and socialize their children to respect the rights of others. The cause of delinquent behavior was parental absence at home due to different reasons and the most common reason was earning bread. This lack of involvement by parents increases the risk factor of delinquency. Key words: Parental Supervision, Juvenile Delinquency, Socialization, Psychological Impact, socio-economic instability, Poor Educational Background, Lack of Financial resources and societal framework.
Exploring factors influencing parents' attitude towards primary level education in District Harnai, Baluchistan
The current study was conducted to explore the Factors Affecting Parents Attitude towards Their Children Education at Primary Level in District Harnai-Baluchistan. The main objective of study was to assess the factors which influenced the parental attitude towards their kid’s education. It was cross sectional study; the study population was parents of children studying in the public and private schools. The sample size consisted of 260 parents. A predesigned well-structured questionnaire was used. It consists of four sections; the first section described demographic data. the questions in the second part are on parents' attitudes about education. with four-point Likert Scale (1=strongly disagree 2= Disagree, 3= Agree, 4=Strongly Agree). Third section consists of questions Parent Involvement with five-point Likert scale (1=Strongly Disagree, to 5= Strongly agree). Fourth section consists of questions related to Factors Involving Students’ academic achievement. The items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale of strongly disagree (=1) to strongly agree (=5). Collected data were analyzed by using t-test, One Way ANOVA and regression analysis. The result showed that parental attitude has 63.3% relations towards children academic success. Parental interest in and support of their children's education was found to be crucial to their children's academic success. Parents' perspectives on education, involvement in their children's education, and academic success vary by gender, age, education, number of children, and socioeconomic status. The key causes that impede the literacy rate have preoccupied the minds of the parents, who have subsequently shaped their children's outlook. In conclusion, it is clear from studying parents' perspectives that they are highly susceptible to social pressures, as the vast majority of them are themselves uneducated and unaware of the value of a good education for their children. Based on findings it was recommended that institutions must take the appropriate steps to ensure that parents are encouraged to participate in the education of their children and the development of their reading abilities.
Quality Standards of Qualitative Research in Applied Linguistics: A Conceptual Review
This study inspects different dimensions of ensuring standards in qualitative research within the field of applied linguistics. It presents a conceptual review of already established key quality standards of qualitative research, their application, their significance followed by the recommendations to ensure quality standards in applied linguistics qualitative research. For this purpose, the researchers have considered journal articles, book chapters and books published between 2002 and 2023 on digital databases to examine the key standards of ensuring trustworthiness and their application in the field of applied linguistics qualitative research. The study presents recommendations for novice researchers who are attempting to conduct qualitative studies ensuring the maximum level of trustworthiness and credibility and making their studies sound in terms of quality standards.
Unleashing the 4th Wave: Exploring the Battle against Body Shaming through Feminist Social Media and Action Research in Twitter: A Comprehensive Analysis of Blind Chances and Empowering Outcomes
A posterior of vulgarization, in the dramatis personae of feminism has eclipsed the world, in general, and Pakistan, in particular. The imminence of social media is epicyclical, as chunking of stimulating and non-stimulating environments regarding fourth (Feminism 4.0) has been done to analyze its manifesto against; sexual assaults, rape culture, and body shaming. This is a redolent study of justice possibilities massive connectivity, mobilization, and collectiveness under the ‘Feminist Social Research’ and ‘Action Research’ outlook, keeping social media as a pivot. The conclusive discussion has appraisingly tapped social media, overcoming iniquitous issues by focusing on locutions: ‘hypothetical’, ‘disjunctive’, ‘problematic’, or ‘universal’ predicated on mainstream ethical modalities. Moreover, the unpretentious approach of social media has been encouraged as an outer hunch to second paralogisms and synthesizing antinomies to stop embittered impartiality in personality; spirituality, animality, and psycho-physiological rationalism.
Exploring the Impact of Excessive Teacher Talk Time on Participation and Learning of English Language Learners
This paper explores the imbalance between teacher talk time (TTT) and student talk time (STT) in Pakistani colleges intermediate English language classrooms. The objective of the study is twofold: to trace the talk time imbalance and to suggest balance. This qualitative research is significant as it deals the most essential aspect of English language teaching and learning that is the students' participation and interest in classroom interactions. The data was collected through classroom observations and semi structured interviews by the intermediate English teachers and students of public and private colleges.50 teachers and 200 students participated in the study. A pilot study was also done. The qualitative data analyses led to the results that Pakistani English language teachers use excessive talk and students are almost denied talk time. These practices have negative impacts on students' learning, motivation, participation and personality. The imbalance in teacher talk time (TTT) and student talk time (STT) needs to be balanced for effective interactions and quality education.
Semiotics and Gender Representation in Pakistani TVCs: Unraveling the Hidden Messages
This study scrutinizes the portrayal of gender identity in Pakistani television commercials, shedding insight on the intricate process of co-constructed understanding within this context. Leveraging Gillian Dyer's seminal semiotic framework, the research investigates how symbols, visual metaphors, and icons communicate and shape gender realities. Through a qualitative research design, a sample of seven Television commercials, from prominent Pakistani channels has been examined to critically analyze the stereotypical perceptions of gender and traditional narratives. The findings illuminate the transformative potential of these advertisements, as they defy patriarchal ideologies and inspire gender equality. This research not only contributes to the advancement of gender discourse but also provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to foster an inclusive society that embraces diverse expressions of gender identity. Ultimately, this study showcases the indelible influence of Pakistani television commercials in shaping perceptions of gender and forging a path toward a more enlightened and equitable future.
The Effect of Critical Thinking Dispositions on Online Media Literacy of University Students
This study was conducted to explore the interaction of critical thinking dispositions and online media literacy of the University Students. The study was intended to find out the effect of critical thinking dispositions on online media literacy of University students. Moreover the moderating effect of gender on relationship between critical thinking dispositions and online media literacy of university students was also explored. The population of the study was all the final years’ students that studying in the BS programmes of physical and social sciences faculties of the University of Sargodha (Main Campus). Proportionate sampling technique was used to select a sample of 300 students from the 15 departments. Quantitative descriptive design was used, and questionnaire was adapted for data collection. The major findings were; a significant positive correlation was found between the critical thinking dispositions and online media literacy of university students. Linear regressions analysis revealed a positive and significant effect of critical thinking dispositions on online media literacy of university students. Moderating effects of gender on relationship between critical thinking dispositions and online media literacy of university students was also significant. It is recommended that attempted to the critical thinking dispositions should be developed in the university students especially for those students that avail from the online media literacy who are doing a B.S or masters in the colleges that affiliated with UOS. Online Media literacy, Media creation projects and Critical thinking dispositions can be apply in any academic area. Professional media makers use demonstrated techniques for gaining an audience’s devotion.
Rural Inclusive Education Program for Students with Special Needs in Punjab: Opinions and Concerns of Teachers
The present study was conducted to identify the views and concerns of regular and special education teachers working in rural inclusive education programs. The multi-stage sampling process was used to select districts, schools, regular and special education teachers. In the first stage, rural inclusive education schools were identified in Punjab; researchers only found the program of Ghazali Education Trust (GET ) in Punjab province which was established in eight districts. Forty regular teachers and six special education teachers were selected from Lahore, Sheikhpura and Faisalabad districts as samples of the study. Likert-type questionnaire for regular teachers and a structured interview schedule for special education teachers were used for the collection of data. It is indicated by the findings of the study that attitudes of special education and even regular teachers regarding the inclusion of disabled children were positive. Still, practical concerns had been expressed by teachers about the application of different inclusive practices and even pointed out a lack of effective training in different areas such as adaptation of evaluation procedures, curricular and instructional adaptations. In instructional procedures, teachers tend to make major and slight changes for the accommodation of disabled children and perform portfolio, written, and oral assessments are performed. Still, the use of rating scales, checklists, and performance-based evaluations is quite rare. General audio-visual aids were being used by most teachers and none of them confirm the use of computers and mobile phones, audio devices and braille books during teaching. Therefore, a number of in-service training workshops and sessions must be planned and arranged by GET to ensure special education and regular teachers’ capacity building. At the same time, resource rooms must be arranged that contain instructional resources, Braille books, wheelchairs and computers etc.
A Sociological Study on Role of Education in Empowerment of Women: Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Areas of District Faisalabad Punjab, Pakistan
In our civil society, women's education is essential because it contributes significantly to the growth of our nation. Education is crucial because it is a key component of women's autonomy; it empowers women to overcome obstacles, make positive changes in their lives, and, most importantly, foster the growth of their kids. Empowering women means offering them control or authority. It means to advance not just their economic standing but also their cultural, social, economic, and political status. Women faced discrimination and were denied access to fundamental needs, including family matters, health, and education. By empowering women in all areas of life, education can help eliminate these barriers and improve their status. By altering societal attitudes and ideologies, education improves the lives of women. The finest remedy for the development of women is education. The study's primary objective was to investigate role of education in women’s empowerment in district Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan. Cross-sectional surveys were used to get the quantitative data. For the data gathering, a multistage random sampling technique was used. Two hundred women in district Faisalabad between the ages of 18 to 30 years were interviewed using a self-designed interview schedule. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were employed to analysis the data. Empirical results showed that 52% of respondents had graduation level education. 30% of respondents had, to great extent, decision-making power and control over resources. Bivariate analysis showed that education level had a significant and positive association with women’s empowerment. The study recommended that the government should take steps to facilitate women’s equal education and employment opportunities equal to males Keywords: Role of education, women empowerment, urban area, district Faisalabad.
Rural Women Contribution in Providing and Increasing Domestic Food and Nutrition Security. A Correlational Study of Rural Areas of South Punjab, Pakistan
Women play a crucial role in sustainable rural development and agriculture. Despite suffering severe inequalities, worldwide women are crucial for ensuring security of food. Women have a variety of roles in the food system including as producers, entrepreneurs, leaders, and consumers. It is essential to be taken into consideration when discussing gender equity and gender mainstreaming. Rural women play a significant role in each of the four components of food security: availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability. Therefore, this study explores the different contributions that rural women make as the key contributor of achieving and enhancing domestic food security. Women who currently reside in rural south Punjab, Pakistan, aged 18 to 60, make up the study's population. A well-structured interview schedule was used to obtain primary data from 200 houses in the research area. For the purpose of gathering data, a multistage random sampling technique was used. Dera Ghazi Khan and Jampur were the two randomly chosen districts. Two tehsils were randomly chosen for the second stage. In the third step, five villages were selected at random from each tehsil. The data analysis employed both descriptive statistics and the logit regression model. Results show that women contributed to domestic food security through their involvement in food production and preparation, the purchase of food products for intake and storage. According to empirical findings, 40% of households were food secure while 60% of households experienced food insecurity. The outcome also shows that household food security in the research area was significantly influenced by age, education, income, and household size. Study suggested that women's education, knowledge about food consumption and paid employment status should be improved for increasing domestic food security. KEYWORDS Rural women, providing and increasing, domestic food and nutrition security, south Punjab Pakistan.
Relationship between Teacher Financial Stability and Effective Teaching
Effective teaching system is the demand of current ultramodern world and teacher is one of the important pillars to make the teaching effective, it will be possible only if the teachers are satisfying regarding their profession in every aspect. To measure the teacher teaching effectiveness, teacher financial stability and their relationship, the quantity survey research was conducted in the district Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The population of the study was primary school teacher both male and female, data were collected from 372 primary school teachers in which 243 (65%) were male and 129 (35%) were female. The data was collected through self-developed questionnaire. The data were collected through multi stage simple sampling technique by using lottery method. For the analysis of the data descriptive and inferential statistics were used through SPSS version 25 and for the establishment of relationship Pearson Correlation Coefficient was calculated. The cumulative mean score 3.64 show that the teachers were disagreed about their financial stability and the cumulative mean score1.87 show that the teachers and their teaching were found effective. The value of coefficient of Pearson correlation .030 showed that there is very weak positive or no relationship between the teacher financial stability and teacher teaching effectiveness. The study will be helpful for teacher as well as students and the policy maker for teacher remuneration and pay.
Challenges of E-Learning for Undergraduate Students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
The current study examines the challenges of E-learning for undergraduate students of English in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study employed a mixed-method research design that utilizes both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected from undergraduate students of English through questionnaires and interviews. The SPSS Version 29 was used to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The results revealed that weak internet connection, financial issues, lack of concentration, lack of guidance, and lack of technological skills were the main challenges faced by undergraduate English Language students in Pakistan. In addition to it, results suggested the need for organizing proper training for both teachers and students, provision of up-to-date technology tools to all students, better internet service provision and timely and detailed feedback from teacher’s side to improve the quality of online learning. Moreover, it is also suggested that instructors should work on to improve student interaction and participation in online classes.
Effectiveness of Foreign Aid and Tax Revenue on Economic Growth of Pakistan
Economic growth is defined as the increase in the production of economic goods and services over time. This paper examines the impact of foreign aid and tax revenue on economic growth in Pakistan. Additionally, it explores how we can enhance the economic growth rate through improvements in the taxation system and by reducing dependence on foreign aid. Both domestic revenue and foreign aid serve as sources of development financing, and both tax revenue and foreign aid have an impact on economic growth. The empirical analysis is based on secondary data, specifically time series data from the period 1975-2018. The Johnson co-integration estimation . Study employs the ARDL (Auto Regressive Distributed Lag) Bound testing approach to explore the relationship between economic growth and other dependent variables, including tax revenue, capital formation, government expenditure, per capita income, and foreign aid. The results of the ARDL model indicate that foreign aid has a positive impact on economic growth in Pakistan. Government expenditure and per capita income also have a positive influence on economic growth, while taxes and capital formation negatively affect economic growth in Pakistan.
Hijab Row Karnataka, India 2022: A Multimodal Analysis of Political Cartoons Related to Hijab Controversy with a Social Semiotic Approach
Political cartoons have been widely analyzed in social and media studies to explore socio-political ideologies and agendas implicit in them. This paper attempts to focus on the Hijab row which took place in Karnataka, India in February 2022 and analyses it through the cartoons published on this issue. The paper adopts multimodal approach for analysis as presented by kress and van Leeuwen (1996) and later explained by David Machin (2006). Qualitative method based on semiotic approach with focus on the specific type of composition, was adopted to study each cartoon. The results showed that placement of different elements within a composition is a smart tool in the hands to cartoonists to express their opinion on the issue and shape the opinion of audience. The study proves cartoons are a clever way to address sensitive social and religious issues which may not be indulged in easily otherwise. This study enhances the understanding of Hijab issue from different perspectives and analyzes specifically how cartoons are used to present the case strongly in favor of one opinion or the other. The paper makes significant contribution of analyzing cartoons through Composition Analysis Model which was used earlier, mostly for advertisements and photos analysis and never for political cartoons.
Problems in Early Identification of Children with Hearing Loss: A Narrative Review of Research
Early identification of hearing loss in children is crucial for their cognitive and linguistic development. So, the major objectives of this research were to identify the common practices, problems and challenges in early identification of children with hearing loss discussed in various studies. The research design was qualitative and narrative review was conducted to explore the challenges associated with the early detection of hearing loss in children. The study involved a comprehensive search of academic databases, medical journals, and credible sources to collect relevant studies focusing on the obstacles and limitations in identifying hearing loss at an early stage. After the literature search, the selected studies were critically evaluated. Key information was extracted from each study to identify common themes and patterns related to the challenges in early detection. Results highlighted the regional variations in the causes of hearing loss, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and screening programs in different parts of the country. Consanguinity, particularly first cousin marriages, emerged as a significant risk factor for childhood deafness in Pakistan. The prevalence of parental consanguinity was found to be high in certain regions, contributing to the increased risk of congenital hearing impairment in children. However, beyond consanguinity, other factors such as infectious diseases, genetic factors, and environmental influences can also lead to hearing loss in children. To overcome these challenges, several key recommendations can be proposed. Implementing universal newborn hearing screening programs is crucial to identify hearing impairment in infants before critical language and communication development stages. This requires collaboration between healthcare providers, policymakers, and advocacy organizations to ensure equitable access to screening services across all regions.
Exploring the Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on English Language Instruction at Secondary Schools in Faisalabad: A Survey Study
In the modern world of innovativeness, ICT has a keen importance in the educational field. The study dealt with the perception of teachers about ICT for teaching the English language at the secondary school level in Faisalabad. The rationale of the study was based on the objectives of understanding the perceptions of teachers about the usage of ICT and how learners perceive the incorporation of ICT in education. ICT is not confined to a set of new technologies used in EFL classrooms; rather, it has innovated new pedagogical approaches to both teaching and learning in EFL settings. The research was conducted to assess the impact of ICT technology in EFL classrooms, how it was helpful for the learning and teaching process and the way it innovated pedagogical approaches. The study dealt with perceptions about the incorporation of ICT due to the current progressive era. This study examined the aspects of the incorporation of ICT and the attitudes of learners and teachers toward ICT. Twenty-five English teachers participated in the research, and a survey questionnaire was completed by using Google Forms. SPSS along with Microsoft Excel was used to analyse the data. The outcomes of the study revealed positive attitudes of teachers towards the usage of ICT.
Structural Factors Hinder Sustainable Employment of Visually Impaired Persons: A Qualitative Approach
One of the basic rights of human beings is to gain sustainable employment, in which both parties i.e. employee and employer gain mutual benefit. It is the duty of employer and organization to facilitate their visually impaired employees with accessible and comfortable structural factors. The basic aim of this study was to explore “structural factors hinder sustainable employment of visually impaired persons”. Study aimed to investigate the basic objective i.e. exploration of structural factors hinders sustainable employment of visually impaired persons. Study was qualitative in nature. Case study was used as research design. Qualitative research paradigm was used for in-depth study of structural factors hinder sustainable employment of visually impaired persons. The population of this study comprised of visually impaired employees from special education school department and higher education institutions. Sample was selected by using purposive sampling technique. A sample of 15 employees with visual impairment were selected from different educational institutions. A semi-structured interview protocol was used as a research instrument. Interview protocol was validated by field experts. Researcher approached respondents, take their consent and administer semi-structured interview. Interviews were recorded with consent of respondents and field notes were also noted. Thematic analysis technique was used to analyze the qualitative data. It was concluded that visually impaired employees face structural barriers hinder their employment at work place.
Impact of American Literature on Behaviour of the Students of Public Sector Colleges of Kotli AJ&K
The study investigates the impact of American literature taught to the students of Intermediate 1st year from their Book 1 syllabus at Public sector colleges of Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Most of the themes of the syllabus are established on tolerance, mutual respect, sacrifice and love for humanity, and this is hypothesized that key elements of the literature put positive impact on the behaviour of the learners. In this respect, the students of 1st year were selected to discover the impact of American literature on their social attitudes. To validate the research endeavour, 500 male students and 210 female students were selected from 20 public sector colleges of Kotli as a sample by using convenient sampling technique. Close-ended questionnaire was used as the tool of data collection which was developed on five-point Likert Scale. To determine the validity of the research tool, the value of internal consistency (Cronbach Alpha) was found 0.823. The obtained data was analysed through simple statistical tools. The findings indicate that the students showed lack of tolerance and forgiveness to others which is an indication that some other factors are influencing their social attitude. Moreover, they represented excessive self- priority and at a greater scale, they justified their personal point of view instead of giving a proportionate space to others.
Identification of Challenges in Creating an Inclusive Educational Environment for Minority (Religious, Cultural) Students
Inclusive education has become a global priority to ensure equal educational opportunities for all students, regardless of their backgrounds. The study highlights gaps in existing programs and stresses the need for diverse perspectives and strategies to promote inclusivity in Pakistan. This study uses a quantitative descriptive survey approach to examine the challenges that minority students encounter in achieving inclusivity in education. A survey is administered to minority students (religious & cultural) to gather data on their perceptions on five factors discrimination in the classroom, inadequate teacher training/ lack of cultural and religious sensitivity in teaching, lack of representation, lack of inclusive curriculum and language barriers. Descriptive statistics will analyze data to identify challenges for minority students in creating an inclusive educational environment. The study will recommend ways to promote inclusivity in education for minority students in Pakistan. The study highlights the significance of teacher training, curriculum development, and addressing challenges for improvement in creating inclusive learning environment.
Money Management Skills Development of Children with Mild Intellectual Disabilities through Blended Learning Instructional Design versus Conventional Teaching
One of the major purposes of education is to equip people with disabilities with all the skills required to live as independently as possible in their community. Money management skill is one of the important skill of independent living skill. The objective of the study was to enhance the money management skills of children with mild intellectual disabilities through blended learning instructional design and a comparison of the effectiveness of blended learning instructional design vs conventional teaching methods. All 8-12 years old children with mild intellectual disabilities studying in semi-government and government schools in Rawalpindi were the population of the study. The two stages were followed to get the sample of 26 students. In the experimental group, about 13 students received intervention using a station rotation model of blended learning instructional design, while the control group received conventional teaching Pre-tests were administered to both groups and after a two-week intervention, post-tests were conducted. Independent t-tests and paired sample t-tests were used to analyse the results. The findings revealed that blended learning instructional design was effective in teaching money management skill development. It also indicated that children who received instruction in money management through blended learning performed significantly better than those who received conventional teaching. It was recommended that to teach functional mathematical skills, a blended learning instructional design should be used.
Contemporary Challenges and Taliban Regime in Afghanistan
Interethnic strife in Afghanistan has a long and storied history, often following tribal boundaries. Since the US pulled out of Afghanistan after signing a peace accord, the country has been left with a political and social void, giving various centrifugal forces the chance to wreak havoc on an already precarious situation. There are several strategic and political ramifications of the United States' withdrawal from Afghanistan, according to political observers, but the country's ethnic variety is often overlooked. This research looks at the historical tribal rivalries in Afghanistan, their geographical effects, and the outlook for the future of the country. This research attempts to establish a link between ethnic strife and the humanitarian situation plaguing Kabul as it chronically follows its upward trajectory. The theory of conflict developed by Max Weber provides the theoretical foundation for a deeper comprehension of both internal and external conflicts. Afghanistan's economic crises, the amassing of rough power in the country, the incompetence of the TTA in managing that power, and the country's political isolation all create fertile ground for a civil war or Sunni-Shia conflict backed by international and regional jihadist groups. If South Asia is to be spared from becoming the next cauldron for ethnic and sectarian strife, a thorough examination of the origins, historical manifestations, and potential futures of internal conflict in the region is essential.
Comparison of Perceptions of the Students and Teachers Concerning Causes of Dropout of Students at Secondary Level
School dropout is a significant problem currently facing developing countries. The objective of this study was to examine the perspectives of teachers and students on the causes of early school leaving at the secondary school level. The population of this study included all secondary school students and teachers in the Rawalpindi District. A sample size of 80 teachers and 120 students was selected using a multi-level random sampling technique. Data was collected from teachers and students using a self-developed questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 and descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were applied. The results show that there are differences in the views of students and teachers on the reasons for dropping out, including abuse/verbal warnings, the imposition of fines, the allocation of extra homework and strict rules. Both teachers and students agree that social boycotts, extra assignments, deprivation of rewards, detention of students after school, and removal of students from the classroom all contribute to early school leaving. It is recommended that school leaders and teachers create an encouraging and relaxed environment, both in the school and in the classroom, that enables students to find it conducive to learning. place to learn.
Prevalence of children with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder in Islamabad Capital Territory and Punjab
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) ranges from high to low levels of functioning. Children with High Functioning Autism (HFA) have no intellectual disability and Low Functioning Autism (LFA) have an intellectual disability. It is mandatory to identify the functioning level of children with Autism for successful inclusion. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the prevalence of children with HFASD. The study was descriptive with a survey research design. All the confirmed and diagnosed children with ASD in Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) and Punjab special education institutes were the population and sample of the study. Two versions of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) developed by Baron-Cohen et al., (2001), AQ Child and Adolescent Versions were used to screen out children with HFA and LFA. The tool was translated into the Urdu language for ease of use in the Pakistani context and validated by the experts. The data was collected in both soft (Google form) and hard form. The findings of the study revealed that 78% of children were found with HFASD in Child Version and 62% with HFA in Adolescent Version. A significant difference was found between the male and female children with ASD in the AQ Child version whereas a significant difference was found in the scores of younger and older children, and the number of years of enrolment in schools in the AQ Adolescent version. Other demographic variables i.e., parental qualification, economic status, number of siblings, and birth orders were not the source of variation either for the Child version or the Adolescent version of AQ.
Evaluation of Listening Skills in Grade 5 English PCTB Textbooks
Textbook Evaluation refers to the procedure under which the decision is made about the selection of textbook by emphasizing the need of learning-teaching scenario. This paper seeks to evaluate the listening skills in Grade 5 English Textbook for apprehending what role listening skill has to play in textbook of this level by analyzing the recruitment of listening skills at the primary level. This research addresses what percentile the listening activities are given along with the other activities in the book. This research also lists the problems seen as per the implication of listening skills. The research methodology focuses on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of listening skills through Cunnings worth’s framework to assess what kind of activities are involved and are they beneficial for learners. From Cunning worth’s model, three main aspects are looked at in detail: Appropriacy, motivation for the learner and learners’ content, and pedagogic analysis and language content. The findings reveal that the first two sections contribute more as compared to pedagogic content. The textbook authors should revise the textbook content related to listening skill after consulting listening skills theory and its evaluative perspectives for primary grade learners. Thus, the findings imply that book has some shortcomings as more activities can be incorporated promoting communicative and linguistic competence and critical listening skills
Effectiveness of Problem-Solving Method in Developing Metacognitive Knowledge at Secondary School Level
This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Problem-Solving Method (PSM)by using the acronym IDEAL in developing metacognitive knowledge at secondary level. The research was modeled in experiment-control groups design. A random selection of 120 students was taken from grade IX in the subject of General Science. These schools were randomly selected from the district on tehsil bases. 60 students from each school were divided into both control and experimental groups 30 students each randomly. The Revised Metacognitive Assessment Inventory (RMAI) was used to determine students’ metacognitive knowledge i.e., declarative, procedural and conditional knowledge. An Independent Samples t-test was used for analysis of the data. The lecture method was used in the control groups while the PSM was employed in the experimental group. The post-test results of the experimental and control groups on the bases of knowledge about cognition i.e., declarative, procedural and condition knowledge shows the difference was significant to reject the null hypothesis of H01 to H04 confirming a significant difference between the post-test of experimental groups taught through lecture and problem-solving method. The significant difference between the mean scores of both tests shows that students taught through the problem-solving method had prominent increase in metacognitive knowledge i.e., declarative procedural and conditional knowledge.
Pak-Afghan Relationship: Obstacles and Opportunities
The primary purpose of the article is to examine the complex nature of the Pakistani and Afghani relationship. Our strained relationship is sometimes attributed to the fact that Afghanistan has been militarily prepared as a unified force for policy purposes ever since Pakistan's founding in 1947. The objective of the study is to figure out why there has been animosity between Pakistan and Afghanistan, despite the fact that Afghanistan is a neighboring country. The fundamental issue is the government's ability to acknowledge the Durand line disagreement. Although the Durand Line is recognized internationally, the Afghan ethnic group does not. Nonetheless, trade and other operations between Afghanistan and Pakistan are conducted across this boundary. A constructive approach is applied to elaborate the relationships which can be bolstered through negative communication and two-way dialogue. The study evaluates that both Pakistan and Afghanistan need to sit down together in awe as the deadline for resolving the Taliban's Durand Line other aims approaches.
Examining Undergraduates’ Perspectives on Course-based Outcomes of Service-Learning from Vocational Education Context
Service-learning is an emerging teaching and learning approach. It promises numerous academic outcomes for students, teachers, and communities. However, findings of previous studies are mixed and inconclusive about the service-learning outcomes in terms of gender, ethnicity and type of courses. The existing studies have mostly been conducted in general education field. There is insufficient evidence about its outcomes for students of vocational education. Hence, further investigation is warranted to assess its contributions for students of vocational education. This study investigated the impact of service-learning on course-based outcomes of students in vocational education. Using a survey approach, data were collected from 100 students who happened to attend a service-learning course in vocational training institutes of Punjab, Pakistan. Factor analysis was computed for instrument validation. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were calculated under inferential statistics to analyze the collected data. The results showed a mixed effect of service-learning on course outcomes of students in terms of gender. The students showed better improvement in mastery of course work content but did not demonstrate significant work related to team skills enhancement. Future research is recommended to validate the results of this study in other contexts for further understanding the contributions of service-learning regarding course-based outcomes.
Linguistic Accommodation in Multilingual Conversations: A Cross-Cultural Study of Pakistan
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cultural values and communication styles in Pakistan. To achieve this aim, a sociolinguistic approach was adopted, and participants were selected from diverse cultural backgrounds across the country, including KPK, Punjab, Balochistan, Sindh, Gilgit Baltistan, and AJK. The study used a qualitative research design, specifically semi-structured interviews, to collect data. This approach allowed for an in-depth exploration of the participants' communication experiences and cultural values, providing rich insights into the intersection of culture and communication. The findings of the study highlight the significant impact of cultural values on communication styles in Pakistan. The study identified that people from different cultural backgrounds have distinct communication styles, which are shaped by their cultural values. For instance, the study found that collectivist cultures tend to use indirect communication styles and avoid direct conflict, while high-context cultures require more attention to nonverbal cues for effective communication. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between cultural values and communication styles in Pakistan. The findings have implications for individuals and organizations seeking to navigate intercultural communication in the country and contribute to the broader literature on culture and communication. The study's methodology and approach can also serve as a useful model for future research on intercultural communication in other contexts.
Diluting the patriarchal dominance: Review of Developing Feminist Discourse in Pakistani Context
The present study is aimed to review of the development of feminist critical discourse in Pakistani context. It is considered that Pakistan is an Islamic country and there is a misperception in the Western world that women are oppressed in Pakistan on the name of Islam. This article provides a review of the dual version of female oppression in Pakistani context i.e. religious and cultural. The very first perception of women oppression in Pakistan by the western world is wrong as Pakistan as an Islamic ideological state does not oppress women rather guarantees their equal rights. In this regards there is a long list of legal development for the protection of the rights of women. The second kind of oppression is the cultural oppression against women. There are a lot of cultural practices in different regions of Pakistan which are oppressive towards women like Wata Sata, dowry death and forced marriages. The data for the present study has been reviewed as per available academic resources and research journals. The significance of the study is to counter western misunderstanding about the female oppression in Pakistani context. While at the same time the study is significant as it raises voice against the prevalent cultural practices of oppression against women in Pakistan. The findings of the present study reveal that there is a development of feminist critical discourse which is diluting the patriarchal dominance that is maintained through cultural practices in Pakistan.
Investigating the Role of English as a Second Language in Supporting Career Development at Tertiary Level Education in Pakistan
This study has taken the initiation to focus on the interrelatedness and discontinuity of ESL among the students of four leading International universities: Punjab University, Lahore College for Women University, University of Management and Technology, and the University of Central Punjab. To observe the usage of ESL competencies in information searching, contrivance treatment, and construction for research purposes, and for applied intercultural professionalism, communication accommodation theory with career development indicators has been applied. A questionnaire (α = .702), comprising 37 statements based upon six domains was administered. The data was collected from 850 students of different degree programs in journalism and mass communication discipline. ANOVA (one-way) and t-tests (Independent Samples) were brought into play to find out the relationship between the study’s variables. Both government-regulated and non-government varsities bespoke similarities feting positive treatment of ESL’s functions while managing its impact according to their atmospheric obligations. The students of PU and LCWU proportionately adjudged second language more as confluent, dispenser, endorser, broker, liaison, and facilitator to be the source of providence for media in Pakistan as compared to the students of UMT and UCP. Overall results show that students took more precedence over practice patterns of ESL in their career building.
Exploring Pedagogical Inadequacies in Current Teaching Practices in ESL Classroom at College Level: The Students’ perspective
English language teaching and learning remain the focus of the academic system as English is a compulsory subject for all learners at college level. The success and smoothness of English language pedagogy depends largely on the active role of ELT teachers simply because of their dominant role inside classrooms. This paper presents a comprehensive view of pedagogical inadequacies in ESL classrooms at the college level in Punjab, Pakistan. This study is quantitative and the data has been collected through a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to 250 students of public and private colleges of district Multan. Out of 250 students, 220 students responded questionnaire. The findings of the study proved that we are practicing inadequate pedagogical methods which are the root cause of learners’ dissatisfaction and poor quality of education. Quality teaching always remains a dream without enriching the teaching skills of the teachers that is only possible by removing the inadequacies in pedagogy. A revision of our pedagogical practices is suggested in the light of the analyzed data and drawn conclusion of the present study.
Impact of Body Appreciation and Social Appearance Anxiety on Life Satisfaction among Young Adults
This study was intended to investigate the impact of body appreciation and social appearance anxiety on life satisfaction among young adults. The aim of this study was to determine whether body appreciation impacts the young adults life satisfaction and they feel social appearance anxiety or not. Total 600 participants including 300 males and 300 females, having age range of 18-41 years from Islamabad and Rawalpindi were selected. Purposive sampling technique was used for research purpose. The Body Appreciation Scale (TL. Tylka., 2015), Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (Levinson 2013), and life satisfaction scale (Diener et al., 1985) administered on the participants of the study. For the purpose of testing hypothesis, Pearson Correlation, T-Test analysis and linear regression analysis were used. The finding of the current study suggests that young adults faced body appreciation problems. Our findings revealed that social appearance anxiety negatively predicted life satisfaction. It also indicated that there was significant positive correlation between body appreciation and life satisfaction. The results also demonstrated that females scored higher on social appearance anxiety as compared to males. This study will be helpful for young adults to understand the impact of body appreciation and social appearance anxiety on life satisfaction. This study will also highlight that how body appreciation will impact our life and increase anxiety level.
Blended Learning's Effects on Teenagers' Secondary-Level Academic Performance in the matter of Chemistry
Different technological approaches are widely used in this technologically advanced era to ensure interactive engagement and communication during the instructional process in order to deliver and understand the content materials effectively and to make the teaching-learning process more effective, successful, and productive. Therefore, the aim/goal of this paper was to investigate how the hybrid learning model affected adolescents' academic performance in secondary-level chemistry. Due to cultural barriers, the study was restricted to only male adolescents. Therefore, only 50 Grade 10 students from Government Boys High School Khurram (Karak) were chosen at random for this study. Data collection utilized an equivalent group’s pretest-posttest design. In this experimental study, the blended learning face-to-face driver model was employed. The control group received traditional instruction, while the experimental group underwent a blended learning approach using a face-to-face driver model. The experiment was finished in two months. A post-test was then scheduled to evaluate the academic progress of both groups. The data was examined using the independent samples t-test, the standard deviation and mean, the. The outcomes showed that the blending learning model has a favorable impact on students' academic success in chemistry. Additionally, it significantly improves each rank of the cognitive realm of Bloom's Taxonomy for chemistry. As a result, it is advised that science teachers use a blended learning approach rather than the conventional one to raise students' academic achievement.
Elementary Students’ Difficulties in English Learning: A Case Study of Elementary Schools in Pakistan
The study explored the elementary school student’s perception of improvement in the English language. The research was quantitative. The main objective is to investigate what techniques students use to improve their English. Moreover, find the difference of opinion between males and females regarding English improvement. Moreover, find the differences of opinion among public and private elementary school students. The study's population was elementary school students in Lahore, selected by a convenient sampling method. The study sample was 300 male and female elementary school students from Lahore. The researcher uses a self-developed questionnaire for students. For data collection, a questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was adapted to explore secondary school students' perception of improvement in the English language. The tool consisted of a six-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was divided into two parts; the 1st part consisted of demographic variables (gender, types of schools, and age). Data were analyzed through SPSS by applying descriptive frequency distribution, one-way ANOVA, and t-test. Based on data analysis, it was found that a significant percentage of students engage in various self-directed English learning activities, such as reviewing their work (29.3%), seeking opportunities to use English outside of class (22.8%), and practicing pronunciation through reading aloud (26.7%). Additionally, many students use strategies such as looking up words in dictionaries (24.4%) and paying attention to errors when writing or speaking (26.4%) to improve their language skills. Moreover, there was no significant difference between secondary students categorized on a gender basis and also not found a significant difference between students of private and public schools. However, significance was found between different groups of ages
Teachers’ Perceived Gender Equality in Educational Opportunities at Secondary School Level
The aim of this study was to highlight teacher’s perceived gender equality in educational opportunities at secondary level. Female education in Pakistan is critical for achieving quality learning because there is a significant gender gap in education, particularly in the rural sector. The design chosen for this study was descriptive. The population for this study included all secondary school teachers and Subject Specialists in the Multan district who worked in the school education department. The sample was chosen using a stratified sampling procedure and a sample of 508 teachers representing all four tehsils of Multan district was selected. This study examined factors affecting female and male secondary education, including girls' limited course choices, gender differences in course selection, social violence against women and girls' education, period poverty, and stigma. It was recommended that regular in-service training for the management of need and utilization of computer in special school and special advocacy/awareness campaigns should be launched to increase the awareness about gender equality in educational opportunities at secondary level.
Explore the Effectiveness of Assessment Policy Framework (APF) 2019: Students’ Learning at Elementary Level in Pakistan
The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of APF 2019 in enhancing learning outcomes for primary school students and to pinpoint the strengths and weaknesses of the elementary education system under APF 2019. The study emphasizes the significance of qualitative research in comprehending the effectiveness of pedagogical policies and practices. The research employed a qualitative methodology, which involved interviews with students. The findings of the study indicate that APF 2019 has several benefits, such as providing lucid guidelines for assessment practices, prioritizing student-centred assessment, and emphasizing formative assessment. However, the study also found limitations of APF 2019, including insufficient resources and support for effective implementation, the likelihood of assessment practices becoming standardized and homogenized, and the restricted flexibility for catering to various learning requirements. The research suggests that the successful implementation of APF 2019 necessitates adequate resources and support and the balance between standardization and flexibility while prioritizing student-centred assessment practices.
Solid Waste Management and Willingness to Pay: An Analysis of Integrated Approach of Garbage Disposal in Multan Pakistan
Introduction: Rapid population growth in developing countries has accelerated urbanization, resulting in a slew of environmental issues. One such problem is the rapid rise in the quantities of solid waste. Pakistan's way of life, like the way of life in many other countries around the world, has changed. As a result of the utilisation arranged populace and ongoing utilisation driven development, squander age has increased dramatically in Pakistan. Removals are being used in an increasing number of food and non-food items. In Pakistan, solid waste management generally consists of flexible, elastic, metals, discarded food, discarded animals, glass, building material, and channel-removed material. Families, businesses, and projects all generate a lot of waste. Heavy waste is frequently generated by medical care facilities and hospitals. Objectives: The investigation of the sources and nature of solid waste generated in urban areas, analysis of current SWM practices, and examination of the socioeconomic, environmental, and health effects of solid waste management were the main goals of the study. Methodology: In this study, a quantitative research design has been chosen. The study's target population consisted of the households in a few Multan city colonies. From 385 respondent information was gathered from 4 colonies. Fitz Gibbon Table for determining the sample size was used. The study employs a stratified random sampling methodology. to evaluate the connection between paying and solid waste management. Questionnaires were used as the data collection tool. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Conclusion: The study's findings indicated that knowledge and home ownership have an impact on willingness to pay. Factors such as income, home ownership, and knowledge of solid waste management have a greater impact on willingness to pay. It was determined that there are some factors that influence a man's willingness to pay for garbage disposal.
Teaching Competencies and Classroom Performance of University Teachers: Soft Skills as a Mediator
Soft skills are personal qualities that enable teachers to better engage with students. The purpose of the current study was to examine the role of soft skills as a mediator in the relationship between teaching competencies and classroom performance among university teachers. This study was quantitative and followed the positivist research paradigm. The researchers selected the study sample using multistage sampling. Two questionnaires and an observation sheet were used in this study. Researchers collected data from 132 public-sector university teachers in southern Punjab. SPSS and PROCESS macro were used to analyze the data. The data was analyzed using mediation analysis. The major conclusion of this study was that all the variables (teaching competencies, soft skills, and classroom performance) had a significant relationship, and soft skills also mediated between teaching competencies and classroom performance of university teachers. The major recommendation of the study is that future researchers include variables that may influence the performance of teachers in the classroom, such as job satisfaction, work discipline, motivation, and so forth, and also change the indicators for teaching competencies and soft skills.
Role of Teacher for the Successful Implementation Activity Based Curriculum
The study aimed to evaluate the role of teachers in implementing activity-based curriculum, which is essential for successful education. A qualitative approach was used to collect data from a sample of five public school teachers in the Sahiwal district, through semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that teachers' ability to apply essential teaching skills is critical for successful activity-based teaching. However, the study identified several barriers to effective implementation, including inadequate training, poor planning, teacher stagnation, limited resources, lengthy course content, and overcrowded classrooms. The study recommends that teachers should receive proper training to master the necessary skills for activity-based teaching, and mechanisms should be established to monitor and evaluate their practices. Additionally, guidebooks should be prohibited, class sizes should be limited to 30 students, and special funding should be allocated to support activity-based curriculum. Adequate teacher training from institutions is necessary for the successful implementation of this curriculum.
Investigating Needs of the Learners for a Blended Functional English Course: A Case Study of The Women University Multan
The better understanding of language learning needs of the students can improve the programmatic facilitation of course content along with the improvement in students’ performance. The present study aims to ascertain the language learning needs of the students for the implementation of a blended Functional English course at undergraduate level in the context of the Women University Multan. This study utilizes mixed method approach to collect data for needs analysis. Survey and interviews were the major data collection tools for the current research investigation. Further, these tools were used to triangulate the data in order to get validation for the findings. The results showed that there are similarities as well as differences in the opinions of students and teachers regarding the knowledge and skills of reading and writing at the basic level. However, the findings showed that students need improvement in all the basic skills of reading and writing such as skimming, scanning, inference, vocabulary, sentence structures, and paragraph construction. The study also sheds light on the fact that training and access to technology both for the teachers and students are the two key factors for the successful implementation of blended courses in the context of the Women University Multan. Future research is recommended to employ quantitative needs analysis instruments; incorporate multiple case analysis; and incorporate other theoretical perspectives concerning second language learning.
Dynamic Relationship between Environmental Degradation and Institutions in Pakistan
The paper’s attempt is to fill up the gap in the energy literature with a complete nation revise for Pakistan. We examine the affiliation between CO2, institution quality (IQ), GDP, energy expenditure (EU) and trade openness (TO) for Pakistan over the period of 1984-2014. ARDL model is used for co-integration, CUSUM test for analysis. The consequence shows that there is a long run affiliation with the variables. In addition, we find in one direction fundamental affiliation successively from GDP to CO2 emissions.
Psychological Effect on children at Secondary Level after Flood Disaster District RajanPur
The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological effects of flooding on secondary school children in the Rajanpur, Jampur, Taunsa, Dera Ghazi Khan, and Fazalpur districts. A total of 150 students from public schools in flood-affected areas participated in the study, which used a non-probability convenience sampling approach and a self-administered questionnaire to collect data. The collected information was then analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as percentage and mean scores, with the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The study found that the majority of students experienced negative psychological impacts from the flooding, including impacts on their emotional, mental, and academic development. Although both male and female students were affected, females experienced higher levels of psychological effects. This study highlights the importance of reducing flood risk before disasters occur, which can greatly reduce the devastating effects of floods. To effectively manage risks, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the causes and risks associated with flooding.
Exploring the Role of Well-being for Improving Students’ Performance at Secondary Level in Pakistan
The present study was aimed to exploring the role of Well-being for improving students’ performance at secondary level in Pakistan. well-being included students’ happiness, positive emotions, school satisfaction and personality development. A qualitative method was used to research. The purposive random sampling technique was used for data collection. Four students were selected as participants from two schools. The participants were studying in 10th grade. The purpose of the study was to explore the opinion of students about their schools. And to explore the role of well-being for students ‘academic performance and school life satisfaction. The semi structured interviews were taken from the participants. The interviews were recorded and transcribed and thematic analysis was made. Main themes and sub themes were developed from the data. The result showed that well-being has a significant role in students’ performance in Pakistani students.
Exploring the themes for Quality Assurance at Secondary Level in Punjab: A Document Analysis
Quality assurance (Q.A.) in education is the process of ensuring that educational programs and services meet established standards and expectations. This study aimed to explore themes for quality assurance in secondary schools at the Punjab level to enhance and evaluate the quality assurance process. In order to support in-depth realities, the exploration study is grounded in the interpretivism research paradigm. Data were collected by using the document analysis technique on quality assurance standards documents implemented in different countries around the world; In-depth qualitative analysis was performed with the use of NVivo 12 software. The study's various themes have been confirmed via the use of numerous methods, including Coding Nodes, Word Trees, Word Tag Clouds, and Treemaps. Documents from eleven countries were selected to achieve the study’s objective; the most updated and relative themes were extracted and presented diagrammatically and in tabular form. A total of twelve themes were found through a thematic analysis process. Twelve themes were explored and named 1)assessment;2)community involvement; 3)curriculum; 4)early childhood education;5)school environments; 6)school ethos and value;.7)Facilities for schools;8)H)school administration and management, 9)school quality management and improvement. 10)School Mission, Vision, and Objectives ,11)Teacher Standards,12)Student Standards This research study is applicable at the secondary school level in the quality assurance process. The research finding highlighted the most relevant themes/factors used in quality assurance process; to enhance or evaluate the quality assurance practices. The outcome of this research study bridges the gap in the existing literature by offering empirical knowledge on the school quality assurance process at the secondary school level. This is the first research done in an Asian setting to focus specifically on quality assurance and its associated themes and processes. This study may eventually improve educational standards and student performance.
The Role of Resilience for Developing the Self-Efficacy Among Chemistry Students in Pakistan
This study aimed to explore the role of resilience for developing the self-efficacy among chemistry students in Pakistan. Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to perform a specific task or achieve a particular goal. Resilience refers to an individual's ability to bounce back from adversity and overcome challenges. The present qualitative study directing interpretivism as paradigm and adopted the qualitative research design. The chemistry teachers were the population of the research study. Four (04) participants were selected from the population on the basis of purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for the collection of data; as semi-structured interviews were used for deep and in-depth study. The researcher used the intelligent transcription for the purpose of the data collection. The results of the study showed that the nature of chemistry education is predominantly theoretical, with a lack of practical applications. This presents a challenge for students in understanding the subject matter. The role of teachers in chemistry education is also significant. Strategies for improving chemistry education include creating positive change in the subject, improving student understanding of chemistry, and developing innovative teaching methodologies. It is also essential to help students develop the ability to recover from setbacks and build their confidence through positive reinforcement.
The Relationship between Perceived Psychological Barriers, Anxiety, and Rural Affiliation of Pakistani College Students to Communicate in English
Learning a foreign language is always a challenging and complicated process. Learning other than the native language encounters several psychological barriers in the minds of learners, particularly, for students belonging to rural areas. The study goal is to identify the relationship between perceived psychological barriers, anxiety, and rural affiliation of Pakistani college students communicating in English. The objective of the study is to investigate perceived psychological barriers encountered by students speaking in English. The study used the mixed-method design of quantitative and qualitative research. The data were gathered through questionnaires from students and semi-structured interviews with teachers. Adopting purposive sampling of 50 students and 10 college teachers to know their perspective on the objective of the study. The main identified barriers were inferiority complex, peer pressure, loss of words, hesitation, lack of confidence, and shyness. The results also showed a negative relationship between students’ rural affiliation which caused psychological barriers and speaking anxiety among them. The study results contribute to the contemporary literature on pedagogical psychology, foreign language anxiety, and applied linguistics. In particular, to the well-being of rural learners and to understand the relationship between psychological development, anxiety, and social background.
Social Identity in Pakistani Society – A System Dynamic Approach
The primary objective of this review is to understand and reveal the underlying the theoretically distinctive facts about the social identity of the individuals in Pakistan’s context. The human behavior scholars are finding new theoretical concepts that are useful in understanding the group behavior. There are three critical aspects that underpin the concept of social identification cognitive, evaluative and affective. These constructs are further explained in diagrams using groups, in group dynamics, related performance and commitment. The CLD shows that how individual’ social identification is related to commitment. This paper helps to understand the factors that are more associated with the social identification and social grouping of employees within the organizations in Pakistan’s context. The methodology is based on system dynamics. System dynamics causal loop approach stage wise is applied to identify the unique dimensions that are associated with the distinctive underlying structure of human behavior that forms the social identity of employees within the organization. System dynamic methodology consists of three steps, the first step is CLD diagram, followed by Stock and flow maps and finally software-based simulations. This paper reveals that naturally made groups are more cohesive and individuals in natural or achieved groups are more committed emotionally towards each other. The significance of this paper lies in understanding the causal structure that influences the formation of social groups in Pakistan organization. Theoretical construct that underpin the notion of social identification of an individual includes the cognitive, evaluative, and affective components that help us to understand, how an individual adapts to the social identity.
Efficacy of Teacing Grammar Communicatively at University Level: A Case Study
Teaching grammar effectively at the university level requires expertise and a practice-based approach, but the predominantly traditional method in grammar teaching is still being exercised by language teachers. To bring about an effective teaching plan, the method of teaching grammar needs to be changed from the traditional approach to the practical one. The study highlights the effectiveness of teaching grammar communicatively. For this purpose, the researchers chose the qualitative research paradigm. The data was collected through observations, note-taking, and semi-structured interviews. Purpose sampling was used for this study and the data were analyzed using ‘Interpretive Approach’. Action research approach was used in this study; hence the study was divided into two phases: reconnaissance and intervention. The former phase was aimed at investigating the problems ESL students faced while learning grammar at the university level; whereas the latter phase was aimed at analyzing the efficacy of communicative grammar teaching at the university level through AR. In the light of the findings, the study resulted in promising results. Furthermore, it is suggested that similar studies need to be conducted in future to modify grammar teaching and make it interesting and effective through the communicative way of teaching at the university level.
Impact of Child Neglect on Career Decision Making Difficulties and Disruptive Behaviour among Adolescents
This study was intended to investigate the impact of child neglect on career decision making difficulties and disruptive behavior among adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine whether child neglect scientifically impacts the career decision making and disruptive behavior or not. The study included both males and females from two major cities of Pakistan; Rawalpindi and Islamabad. 400 participants, 220 males and 180 females, age ranging from 15 to 19 were part of the survey. The study was quantitative in nature and purposive sampling technique was used for research purpose. The Multidimensional neglect scale Career Decision making difficulties questionnaire and Disruptive behavior scale for adolescents were administered on the participants of the study. For the purpose of testing hypothesis; descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Bivariate Correlation, T-Test analysis and linear regression analysis were used. The findings of the current study suggest that child neglect is strong predictor of career decision making difficulties and disruptive behavior. It also indicated that there is significant positive relation between Child neglect, career decision making difficulties and disruptive behavior. The results also demonstrate that males exhibit more disruptive behaviors compared to females whereas, female face more difficulties in career decision making as compared to males. Both actual as well as hypothetical results are closely related. This study will provide awareness regarding parental care and its positive impact child harmonious personality development.